Difference between revisions of "Temporary Optics Bootcamp"
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|width="150"|[[Image: 140729_OpticsBootcamp_05.jpg|frameless|130px]] | |width="150"|[[Image: 140729_OpticsBootcamp_05.jpg|frameless|130px]] | ||
|width="150"|[[Image: 140729_OpticsBootcamp_07.jpg|frameless|130px]] | |width="150"|[[Image: 140729_OpticsBootcamp_07.jpg|frameless|130px]] | ||
− | |align="left" rowspan = "2" colspan="2"|'''Mount the LED light source''' | + | |align="left" rowspan = "2" colspan="2"|'''Mount the LED light source''' |
* In the LCP01 cage plate, the LED will get sandwiched in-between two SM2RR retaining rings. First screw in one SM2RR only 1 mm deep. | * In the LCP01 cage plate, the LED will get sandwiched in-between two SM2RR retaining rings. First screw in one SM2RR only 1 mm deep. | ||
* Next place the LED above it. | * Next place the LED above it. | ||
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− | '''Power the LED light source''' | + | '''Power the LED light source''' |
* The red LED will be connected to a DC power supply. Ensure that the current limit on the power supply (CH1) is set to a value below 0.5 A! | * The red LED will be connected to a DC power supply. Ensure that the current limit on the power supply (CH1) is set to a value below 0.5 A! | ||
* Connect channel CH1 to the red and black threads of the LED, using alligator clip cables. | * Connect channel CH1 to the red and black threads of the LED, using alligator clip cables. | ||
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|width="150"|[[Image: LensInLensTube.JPG|frameless|150px]] | |width="150"|[[Image: LensInLensTube.JPG|frameless|150px]] | ||
|width="150"|[[Image: LensTubeLCP02.JPG|frameless|150px]] | |width="150"|[[Image: LensTubeLCP02.JPG|frameless|150px]] | ||
− | |align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="1"|'''Mount a lens in a lens tube''' | + | |align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="1"|'''Mount a lens in a lens tube''' |
We typically mount our lenses in lens tubes so that we can easily add them to or remove them from cage plates in our optical systems. | We typically mount our lenses in lens tubes so that we can easily add them to or remove them from cage plates in our optical systems. | ||
* Carefully (use lens paper to protect the lens surface) place the 25 mm plano-convex lens into a 1" lens tube with the hemisphere facing up | * Carefully (use lens paper to protect the lens surface) place the 25 mm plano-convex lens into a 1" lens tube with the hemisphere facing up | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|width="150"|[[Image: TightenSetScrew.JPG|frameless|150px]] | |width="150"|[[Image: TightenSetScrew.JPG|frameless|150px]] | ||
− | |align="left" colspan="3"|'''Set up the cage rods''' | + | |align="left" colspan="3"|'''Set up the cage rods''' |
− | We will use cage rods to frame our optical system so that we can adjust the position of cage plates by sliding them along the rods. There are 4-40 set screws that you can tighten to set the cage plate positions | + | We will use cage rods to frame our optical system so that we can adjust the position of cage plates by sliding them along the rods. There are 4-40 set screws that you can tighten to set the cage plate positions. Cage rods also help us to make sure our optical components are aligned to one another. |
* Place three cage rods (ER8) through the holes in the LCP01 cage plate holding the LED. We will practice to use three cage rods instead of four, since when we use 1" cage plates, this will enable us to switch out lens tubes easily. | * Place three cage rods (ER8) through the holes in the LCP01 cage plate holding the LED. We will practice to use three cage rods instead of four, since when we use 1" cage plates, this will enable us to switch out lens tubes easily. | ||
* Once the cage rods are flush against the back of the LCP01 cage plate, set their position by tightening the 4-40 set screws (see picture). | * Once the cage rods are flush against the back of the LCP01 cage plate, set their position by tightening the 4-40 set screws (see picture). | ||
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|width="150"|[[Image: 140729_OpticsBootcamp_17.jpg|frameless|150px]] | |width="150"|[[Image: 140729_OpticsBootcamp_17.jpg|frameless|150px]] | ||
|width="150"|[[Image: 140729_OpticsBootcamp_18.jpg|frameless|150px]] | |width="150"|[[Image: 140729_OpticsBootcamp_18.jpg|frameless|150px]] | ||
− | |align="left" colspan="2"|'''Mount the CCD camera''' | + | |align="left" colspan="2"|'''Mount the CCD camera''' |
* Affix a TR2 optical post directly to the CCD camera plate using the 1/4-20 set screw. | * Affix a TR2 optical post directly to the CCD camera plate using the 1/4-20 set screw. | ||
* Place optical post into post holder with BA1 mounting base. | * Place optical post into post holder with BA1 mounting base. |
Revision as of 21:08, 2 February 2016
Lab exercise 2: imaging with a lens
You will build something that looks like the picture below. There will be a light source (LED), an object being illuminated (a micrometer calibration slide), a lens for focusing, and a camera to view the final image. You will be able to adjust the positions of the object and lens to see what happens to the image formed on your camera.
The first step is to gather the materials required to build the lens measuring apparatus. Look at the image above to think about the parts you will need.
To help you familiarize yourself with the different components and get started, the lists below include part numbers and descriptive names of the components in the apparatus. It is likely that you will find some of the terms not-all-that-self-explanatory. Most of the parts are manufactured by a company called ThorLabs. If you have a question about any of the components, the ThorLabs website can be very helpful. For example, if the procedure calls for an SPW602 spanner wrench and you have no idea what such a thing might look like, try googling the term: "thorlabs SPW602". You will find your virtual self just a click or two away from a handsome photo and detailed specifications.
Optomechanics
These components are located in plastic bins on top of the center parts cabinet:
- 2 x 1" Lens tube (SM1L10)
- 2 x Lens tube slip ring (SM1RC)
- 2 x 2" Cage plate (LCP01, looks like an "O" in a square)
- 4 x Cage plate adapter (LCP02, looks like an "X")
- 2 x 2" Retaining rings (SM2RR)
These components are located on the counter above the west drawers.
- 3 x ER8 cage assembly rod (The last digit of the part number is the length in inches.)
- You may decide to add additional cage rods to extend the length of the ER8 rods.
- 2 x 1" Retaining rings (SM1RR)
Screws and posts
Stainless steel, ¼-20 size, socket head cap screws (SHCS), washers, posts, and post holders are located on top of the west parts cabinet. If you are unfamiliar with screw types, take a look at the main screw page on the McMaster-Carr website. Notice on the left side of the page that there are about ... links on the left side of the page. Click the links for more information about screw sizes and attributes. This link will take you to an awesome chart of SHCS sizes.
- 3 x Post holders (PH2)
- 3 x Optical posts (TR2)
- 3 x Mounting base (BA1)
- 3 x 8-32 set screws
- 3 x 1/4-20 x 5/16" socket cap screws
- 1 x 1/4-20 set screw
- 4 washers
- 4 x 1/4-20 x 1/2" socket cap screws
Optics
Lenses and microscope objectives are located in the west drawers.
- 1 x LA1951 plano-convex, f = 25 mm lens (this will be used as a condenser for your illuminator)
- 1 x LB1811 biconvex, f = 35 mm lens (this will be used to form an image of your object)
- 1 x ND filter (use this if your illumination is too bright, located on east cabinet)
Object
Imaging targets are located in a plastic bin on top of the east cabinet.
- 1 Micrometer Calibration Slide (each small division is 0.01mm, each larger tick mark is 0.1mm) mounted to a cage plate adapter (LCP02)
Optoelectronics
LEDs will be in a plastic bin on top of the center cabinet.
- 1 x red, super-bright LED (mounted)
Tools
Most of the tools are located in the drawers at your lab station. Be sure to put all of the tools you use back in their proper location.
Hex keys (also called Allen wrenches) are used to operate SHCSs. Some hex keys have a flat end and others have a ball on the end, called balldrivers. The ball makes it possible to use the driver at an angle to the screw axis, which is very useful in tight spaces. You can get things tighter (and tight things looser) with a flat driver.
- 1 x 3/16 hex balldriver for 1/4-20 cap screws
- 1 x 9/64 hex balldriver
- 1 x 0.050" hex balldriver for 4-40 set screws (tiny)
- 1 x SPW602 spanner wrench
You will also need to use an adjustable spanner wrench. The adjustable spanner resides at the lens cleaning station. There is only one of these in the lab. It is likely that one of your classmates neglected to return it to the proper place. This situation can frequently be remedied by yelling, "who has the adjustable spanner wrench?" at the top of your lungs. Try not to use any expletives. And please return the adjustable spanner wrench to the lens cleaning station when you are done.
- 1 x SPW801 adjustable spanner wrench
Things that should already be (and stay at) your lab station
- 1 x Manta CCD camera
- 1 x Calrad 45-601 power adapter for CCD
- 1 x ethernet cable connected to the lab station computer
Build the apparatus
Use the image of the apparatus to think about how to put your system together. The following guidelines should help get you started. If at any point you have questions, do not hesitate to ask an instructor for help.
Visualize, capture, and save images in Matlab
Now that you've learned the basics of mounting, aligning and adjusting optical components, you will through this lab exercise
- verify the lens maker and the magnification formulae:
- $ {1 \over S_o} + {1 \over S_i} = {1 \over f} $
- $ M = {h_i \over h_o} = {S_i \over S_o} $
- become familiar with image acquisition and distance measurement using the Matlab software.
Examine images in Matlab
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Plot and discuss your results
- Repeat these measurements of $ S_o $, $ S_i $, $ h_o $, and $ h_i $ for several values of $ S_o $.
- Plot $ {1 \over S_i} $ as a function of $ {1 \over f} - {1 \over S_o} $.
- Plot $ {h_i \over h_o} $ as a function of $ {S_i \over S_o} $.
- What sources of error affect your measurements?
- Given the sources of error, how far off could your measurements of magnification be?
Once you are done with your measurements, please clean up and put back all the parts.
Lab exercise 3: measure camera noise characteristics
There is noise in the world.
In this question, you are going to measure the noise characteristics of the CCD cameras that we use in the lab. Variance is a good measure of noise, so we'll use that. Here's the plan: point the camera at a static scene that has a wide range of brightness values — from dark to bright and everything in between. Then make a movie about 100 frames long. Compute the variance of each pixel over time. If there is no noise at all, then the variance will be zero. But you know that's not going to happen.
To quantify the noise, plot the variance of each pixel versus its average value. See the detailed procedure below.
In order to make the measurement, you will need a pattern that includes lots of different light intensities — from completely dark to about 80% of the maximum intensity. You can use the same setup as in part 2 with a different imaging target. Gradient slides that go from dark to light are available in the lab.
Procedure:
- Mount a